using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart1));
thread1.Name = "Thread1";
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart2));
thread2.Name = "Thread2";
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart3));
thread3.Name = "Thread3";
thread1.Start();
thread2.Start();
thread3.Start();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static object _object = new object();
static void Done(int millisecondsTimeout)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} -> {1}.Start", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Thread.CurrentThread.Name));
//下边代码段同一时间只能由一个线程在执行
lock (_object)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} -> {1}进入锁定区域.", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Thread.CurrentThread.Name));
Thread.Sleep(millisecondsTimeout);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} -> {1}退出锁定区域.", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Thread.CurrentThread.Name));
}
}
static void ThreadStart1()
{
Done(5000);
}
static void ThreadStart2()
{
Done(3000);
}
static void ThreadStart3()
{
Done(1000);
}
}
}运行效果如下：
如上边例子所示，lock语句保证了某个代码段同一时间只能由一个线程在执行，这在多线程编程中经常用到。msdn说明：lock 确保当一个线程位于代码的临界区时，另一个线程不进入临界区，如果其他线程试图进入锁定的代码，则它将一直等待（即被阻止），直到该对象被释放。
注意：应避免锁定 public 类型，否则实例将超出代码的控制范围。常见的结构 lock (this)、lock (typeof (MyType)) 和 lock ("myLock") 违反此准则：
·如果实例可以被公共访问，将出现 lock (this) 问题；
·如果 MyType 可以被公共访问，将出现 lock (typeof (MyType)) 问题；
·由于进程中使用同一字符串的任何其他代码将共享同一个锁，所以出现 lock("myLock") 问题；
最佳做法是定义 private 对象来锁定, 或 private static 对象变量来保护所有实例所共有的数据。
不使用lock示例
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static string _str = string.Empty;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart1));
thread1.Name = "Thread1";
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart2));
thread2.Name = "Thread2";
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadStart3));
thread3.Name = "Thread3";
thread1.Start();
thread2.Start();
thread3.Start();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static object _object = new object();
static void Done(int millisecondsTimeout)
{
//不锁定
//lock (_object)
//{
_str = Thread.CurrentThread.Name;
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} -> {1}线程将_str赋值为{1}.", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Thread.CurrentThread.Name));
Thread.Sleep(millisecondsTimeout);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} -> {1}线程输出_str:{2}.", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), Thread.CurrentThread.Name, _str));
//}
}
static void ThreadStart1()
{
Done(5000);
}
static void ThreadStart2()
{
Done(3000);
}
static void ThreadStart3()
{
Done(1000);
}
}
}
谁都可以修改_str的值，程序运行结果将没有保障！
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